LA CONSIDERACIÓN MORAL DE LOS ANIMALES
Entre el 12 y el 15 de diciembre tendrán lugar en la Facultad de Filosofía de la Universidade de Santiago de Compostela las siguientes jornadas:
Continuar leyendo «Jornadas sobre animales y filosofía en Santiago de Compostela»
Vamos a concluir aquí el año (y la década) con este informe con las actividades realizadas por la Fundación Ética Animal a lo largo de 2019. Incluye en particular bastante trabajo de investigación y divulgación en el campo de los animales que viven en el mundo salvaje, junto a actividades de difusión en distintos países.
Para seguir al tanto de más información, también es posible suscribirse al boletín de Ética Animal. Y, por si alguien quiere colaborar para ayudar a que se realice más trabajo, hasta el día 7 de enero las aportaciones que se hagan se multiplican por 2 o más, aquí se explica cómo.
Está también disponible en otros idiomas: inglés, portugués, francés, italiano y alemán.
Espero que te pueda resultar de interés. Y aprovecho para desearte que tengas unos felices años 20.
This is great news! Animal Ethics has just launched its website. And the best part of it is that actually the site is not to remain like this, but will be further developed. In fact a brand new site will be up soon, in March.
Animal Ethics aims at doing research and outreach work aimed at addressing speciesism, and also at providing resources for other organizations and individuals concerned about issues in animal ethics, animal sentience and the situation of nonhuman animals.
Don’t hesitate to visit it and to get in touch if you’re interested in volunteering.
In a few days I’ll be giving a couple of talks on antispeciesism in Switzerland and Portugal, these are the dates of the events: Continuar leyendo «Talks on antispeciesism in Switzerland and Portugal»
In other entries in this blog, such as this one or this one I have pointed out that the key concept in animal ethics is that of speciesism, and that speciesism is the discrimination of those who do not belong to a certain species. But what is discrimination? Continuar leyendo «A (quite complex, I must confess) definition of discrimination»
On February I’ll be giving some talks in Italy on antispeciesism and egalitarianism. Here’s the info of the events:
Thanks to all the other people who have made this possible, I’ll see you soon!
Two positions in Animal Studies and Animal Ethics have been recently announced. One is a PhD position in Texas, the other one is a Postdoctoral one in Ontario. If you’re planning to apply you should hurry up! Here’s the info: Continuar leyendo «Two positions offered in Animal Studies and Animal Ethics»
In a previous post, I presented an example of the ways in which many humans lack any concern for nonhuman animals suffering and dying for natural reasons. In this post I’m going to present some more examples of such speciesist attitudes. I won’t describe them, but post some videos showing this attitude displayed. To be honest, I find them just horrible, but my intention in showing them here is, of course, not just to claim they are terrible to watch. Rather, I’d like to promote some reflection on the question of whether we should be indifferent to the suffering of wild animals, even when it’s due to natural causes.
There are many other similar videos on the internet. If we find them repugnant, I think we have to reject the celebration of predation and the disturbing disregard for the plight of wild animals they imply.
In this video, we can see how another person is thrilled about how a centipede he has as a pet kills a mouse he puts in his or her cage.
And in this other one, we can see the same attitude with a mouse that is killed to feed a carnivorous plant (that is not even a sentient being).
In this other video, a couple of guys send a wasp to death by throwing it to a spider net just to see how the spider captures and kills this insect. This animal moves and twists as the spider is eating her body alive, while the guys comment how great that situation is.
I hope these gruesome images will encourage us to question the attitude of celebration of predation that is so common nowadays.
To those interested in this, some texts that question this attitude and reflect on the ethics of our position towards many natural processes can be seen in this list that was published before in this blog. One of the papers that deals with this question is this one. Luckily, there is a growing number of people now concerned with this issue, as one can see in this recently created fb page.
Les Cahiers antispécistes is in my view one of the best journals all around the world in the field of animal ethics and speciesism. I can’t really tell for how many years I’ve been a follower of Les Cahiers, and I can say that some of the papers published there are among the most interesting literature on the issue that I’ve found online.
Due to this, I’m very honored that they’ve published there the translation into French of this paper «The Ethics of the Ecology of Fear against the Nonspeciesist Paradigm: A Shift in the Aims of Intervention in Nature«, which appeared initially in the journal Between the Species. You can read and download the paper here:
The issue where the article appeared (in pp. 46-61), together with other very interesting papers, can be downloaded as a pdf here:
Les Cahiers antispécistes, n. 35, nov. 2012
This has been possible due to the fantastic work of Marceline Pauly who translated the paper and to whom I’m very grateful due to this.
A new journal on antispeciesism has appeared in Italy. Its name is Animal studies: Rivista italiana di antispecismo. You can find the announcement of the launch of this journal in the Italian blog Asinus Novus.
Continuar leyendo «A new journal on antispeciesism appears in Italy: Animal Studies»
The suffering and death of animals in nature is an important question in animal ethics. This is a list with several papers and books that have addressed this question. Some of them are in favor of aiding animals in need of help in the wild, while others reject that we should do anything for them. I’ll try to update this list every now and then as new works are published. I hope this will be useful to those interested in this issue.
Publications in English on wild animal suffering and intervention
I’ll be giving a couple of talks in Switzerland in a few days. The first one will be in Bern, on August the 5th. Its title will be: “Different Strategies of the Animal Rights Movement”, and it will be organized by the organization Tier Im Fokus. You have more information on the event here.
The second one will be in Zurich on the 6th, at the University of Zurich, and its title will be: «If speciesism is untenable, should we reduce wild animal suffering too?». There is more information on the event here.
I want to thank Tier Im Fokus, the University of Zurich and in particular Adriano Mannino, Lukas Gloor and Klaus Petrus for organizing these events.
Thanks to several great activists in Slovenia, such as Sara Stuva andTeja Brooks Pribac, this week I’ll be giving two talks on veganism and animals rights there. I’ll speak about the ethics of veganism in Koper on Thu 26th at the Faculty of Humanities at 18:30 while a great vegan dinner is served. And on Fri 27th, we’ll have a meeting to discuss animal rights activism in Tivoli Park at 17:00. We’ll enjoy a nice vegan picnic there too!
I must express my gratitude to Sara, Teja and the rest of the Slovenian activists who have made this possible. Thank you!
I have published a paper which aims at showing the way in which population dynamics increase to shocking levels the suffering and premature death that there is in nature.
Many people think that animal ethics entails respect for natural processes, on the assumption that nonhuman animals are able to live relatively easy and happy lives in the wild. Unfortunately, this assumption is wrong. The reason has to do with population dynamics. The most widespread reproductive strategy in nature is called r-selection. This strategy entails that the overwhelming majority of nonhuman animals die shortly after they come into existence, and they do so in painful ways. They starve or are eaten alive, which means their suffering vastly outweighs their happiness. The amount of harm nonhuman animals endure due to this is just dreadful.
If we think that nonhuman animals are morally considerable individuals there is no way in which we can dismiss this. If there are ways in which we may help them and reduce such a tremendous amount of harm that occurs in nature, we should do it. There are many who may find this conclusion very counter-intuitive at first. However, would we reject it if instead of nonhuman animals, the victims of misery and early death were humans? Hardly so. This entails that this conclusion, even if counter-intuitive, can only be rejected from a speciesist and callous viewpoint which completely disregards the plight of all these animals.
You can download the paper here:
Debunking the Idyllic View of Natural Processes: Population Dynamics and Suffering in the Wild
The paper appeared in the journal Télos, vol. 17, 2010, 73–88, in its special issue on animal ethics. The published version of the paper can be downloaded here.
I’ll soon be giving three seminars at Lisbon, Oxford and Coventry on the question of the harms that nonhuman animals suffer due to natural causes. Many people are unaware of such harms. However, they are often terrible to nonhuman animals. I claim that in those cases in which we can help animals without causing a bigger harm it would be a very good thing to do it. This is just what most of us think in the case of human beings, so defending a different view for nonhuman animals, which would be harmful for them, is speciesist. Here’s the info of the seminars: Continuar leyendo «Seminars at Lisbon, Coventry and Oxford on the Ethics of Helping Animals Suffering in Nature»
On March 10th I will be visiting the UK to attend the conference Critical Perspectives on Animals in Society, which will take place at the University of Exeter. I’m looking forward to it! You can check the whole programme of the event here. So if you can attend this conference, don’t miss the opportunity.
Among other activists, representatives from Animal Equality will be there. I want to thank them since they are the ones who have encouraged and helped me to attend this conference, so thanks for the invite!
You can find below the abstract of the talk I will be giving at this conference:
Disregarding Sentient Beings: Speciesism and Environmentalism
The ethics of antispeciesist animal activism defends the consideration of all sentient beings. Environmentalism, instead, claims that what we should consider are ecosystemic relations and other natural entities, even if they aren’t sentient. For this reason, it approves of sacrificing sentient beings if it benefits environmental balances.
This has significant consequences that are very harmful for nonhuman animals. A clear example of this is the politics of “culling” wild animals that are considered “invasive” or too populous, as encouraged by the Sierra Club and many other groups. Other examples include the support given to “natural” forms of hunting by Greenpeace or the campaign the WWF has ran for years to promote massive animal experimentation to test potentially environmentally harmful chemicals.
Environmentalism also disregards the interests of nonhuman animals when they are in need of help. Environmentalism advocates aiding some animals in nature only when they belong to certain (environmentally interesting) species. But when other animals are involved, they oppose helping them, often claiming that doing so wouldn’t be “natural” (even though intervention to cull or save certain animals is not “natural” either). Antispeciesists disagree with this. Note that, although many people have idyllic views of how nonhuman animals fare in nature, the fact is that they endure severe hardships and often suffer and die in situations in which it might be feasible to help them. Antispeciesist concern for individual animals favours helping them in these situations if doing so doesn’t cause some greater harm to others.
Note that environmentalists don’t favour the massive killing of humans for the sake of biocenotic or ecosystemic processes. Neither do they reject helping humans in need of aid in nature even if that’s not “natural”. But they assume a completely different perspective when nonhuman animals are affected. This is due to their speciesist viewpoint.
Good news for those interested in doing research in animal ethics. The print editions of the journal Between the Species, which appeared between 1985 and 1996, are now available online, hosted by California Polytechnic State University (and thanks to the work of the journal’s current editor, Joe Lynch). You can download them from here: Between the Species
Moreover, they have also uploaded the issues of the journal which anteceded Between the Species, that is, Ethics and Animals, published between 1980 and 1984. As far as I know, that was the first journal ever published on ethics and animals (so the journal’s name is certainly germane). You can download them from here: Ethics and Animals
In a previous post, I presented an article by ethicist Jeff McMahan on the issue of natural harms and predation. In it, McMahan argued that the fact that nonhuman animals suffer and die in nature is a very important issue that deserves our attention. I agree.
Most people’s attitude towards natural evils, and in particular predation, is a rather simplistic one. In fact, most people tend to see these evils as something good. In this post, I want to present an example of this attitude. It’s something we can see very clearly in this loathsome video:
This ghastly attitude of celebration of predation and other natural processes which means death and suffering for animals is at odds with the moral consideration of their interests.
There is a widespread view of nature as a pristine idyllic place in which animals live in paradisiacal conditions. This, unfortunately, is wrong. The scene this video shows is everyday life in nature.
We should definitely go beyond the disgusting attitude of celebration of animal suffering and death in nature displayed in this video. In order to do that, we should start by acknowledging that animals suffer terribly and die in many different ways in nature. There is no reason to keep this fact hidden. It is something we should be able to consider. Insofar as we are concerned with the interests of sentient beings, we should not dismiss this issue.
In fact, we should be able to change our view of natural processes and our attitude toward it. I really think that this is an issue we should think about.
As I’ve previously written in this blog, Fuente Vegana, which is a great site about veganism and antispeciesism in Spanish, has published an interview with me in their blog. Fuente Vegana has also translated this interview into German. You can read it here:
Interview for Fuente Vegana (German)
You can also read the original interview in Spanish here, and in English here.
Some months ago, ethicist Jeff McMahan published an interesting piece on predation in the NY Times with the title «The Meat Eaters».
The comments on the paper in the Times were terribly poor and simplistic (many of them by people who had clearly not read the paper, or had not really understood the view presented in it). However, a very interesting discussion on the paper took place at the web of the On the Human project.
McMahan has also written a response in the Times in which he explains in more detail the kind of view he has been arguing for. Continuar leyendo «McMahan on natural evils»
Fuente Vegana is a great site about veganism and antispeciesism in Spanish. In 2009 they published an interview with me there. The questions they made were, in my view, very interesting and challenging. Fuente Vegana has translated this interview into English. You can read it here:
Interview for Fuente Vegana (English)
You can also read the original interview in Spanish here.
The Colorado State University Philosophy Department will be hosting an Animal Ethics Graduate Student Conference in 2011. The conference title will be «Ignored Perspectives in Animal Ethics». Note it is not a conference on animal rights or speciesism, all kinds of views regarding the use of nonhuman animals may be presented there. Papers can be sent before February 15, 2011. You can find more information here:
Call for Papers – 2011 Animal Ethics Graduate Student Conference
Humans often intervene in the wild for anthropocentric or environmental reasons. An example of such interventions is the reintroduction of wolves in places where they no longer live in order to create what has been called an “ecology of fear”, which is being currently discussed in places such as Scotland. I have written a paper in which I discuss the reasons for this measure and argue that they are not compatible with a nonspeciesist approach.
In it I also claim that if we abandon a speciesist viewpoint we should change completely the way in which we should intervene in nature. Rather than intervening for environmental or anthropocentric reasons, we should do it in order to reduce the harms that nonhuman animals suffer. This conflicts significantly with some fundamental environmental ideals whose defence is not compatible with the consideration of the interests of nonhuman animals.
You can read and download the paper here:
I’m glad the paper has been published in Between the Species, a great journal on animal ethics and other issues related, as its website reads, «to the philosophical examination of the relationship between human beings and other animals».
I recently got a paper on the concept of speciesism published in the The Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics. The journal’s final version of the paper is here. The paper tries to clarify in some detail what is speciesism, as well as to classify the different ways in which it is defended and to distinguish it from other concepts related to it.
You can download the paper here:
This paper tries to compare the current situation in which humans and those nonhuman animals raised to be eaten are. I’ve been working in different drafts of this paper for the last three years. Unfortunately, this is not going to be the last version of it yet. The data needs to be updated, and there are some other things in the paper that need to be fixed. But it seems that we’re getting close to it. I hope to finish it in a couple of months or so. So I’d be really grateful for any comments and criticisms of the paper. You can publish them here or send them to OHorta (a) dilemata.net
Questions of Priority and Interspecies Comparisons of Happiness
(Please note it’s a very heavy file—around 10MB—since it has lots of graphics. So it may take some time to download).
Para quienes os pueda resultar de interés, os apunto aquí la siguiente convocatoria para trabajos en ética animal. No dudéis en escribirme si os interesa participar y tenéis alguna duda.
Petición de artículos: La ética y los animales, número especial en 2010 de Télos: Revista Iberoamericana de Estudios Utilitaristas
A lo largo de las últimas tres décadas, la cuestión de la consideración moral de los animales no humanos ha recibido una atención cada vez mayor, tanto dentro del mundo académico, en particular entre filósofos y filósofas morales, como por parte del público en general. Toda una serie de teóricos han cuestionado el modo en el que los animales no humanos han sido tradicionalmente considerados y tratados, tildándolo de especista. Han afirmado que nuestra relación con los animales no humanos suscita una serie de cuestiones morales de importancia, cuyas consecuencias prácticas son significativas. Estas incluyen, por ejemplo, la cuestión de si el uso de los animales no humanos como recursos se encuentra justificado. Si estos autores están en lo cierto, ello implica que nos encontramos ante un problema de gran importancia, pero que es habitualmente desatendido.
Con el fin de poner este tema sobre el tapete, Télos: Revista Iberoamericana de Estudios Utilitaristas dedicará en 2010 un número especial a la cuestión de la consideración moral de los animales no humanos y el especismo. Télos considerará para su publicación artículos acerca de este tema, así como recensiones de publicaciones recientes sobre la cuestión. Otros trabajos que examinen problemas diferentes que puedan tener alguna relación con la cuestión podrán ser aceptados en el caso de que su relevancia para la cuestión quede establecida con claridad.
Continuar leyendo «La ética y los animales, especial de la revista Télos en 2010»
Para quienes os mováis por los mundos (o submundos) académicos, aquí os pongo dos convocatorias para publicar trabajos en inglés. Ambas están impulsadas por el Centro de Ética Animal Ferrater Mora de Oxford. Una de ellas es una petición de artículos para una nueva publicación centrada en la cuestión de la consideración moral de los animales no humanos. La otra es más ambiciosa y tiene como fin la publicación de libros sobre el tema.
Continuar leyendo «Convocatorias para trabajos en ética animal en inglés»
Ética más allá de la especie 